They have a definite preference for specific types of ants and termites, which is why it can be hard to rehabilitate them. Mongolian spot is the most frequently seen pigmented skin lesion in newborns. Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BC–1st century AD), the Xianbei state ( c. 25 Mongolian Foods (+ Easy Recipes) Mongolian dishes are so rich and hearty, they’ll set you up for the day – or reward your hard day’s work perfectly! Find the best recipes right here! Mongolian-Style Beef Crepes with. I understand. Three are listed as critically endangered: Chinese pangolin ( M. Donation Amount * $100 $200 $500 $1000Heat a large skillet to high heat and add the vegetable oil. In 2020, Save Pangolins launched the Pangolin Champions Program to support emerging leaders in the pangolin conservation landscape. Add the 1/4 cup brown sugar, 1 cup low sodium soy sauce, and 1/2 cup water. Damdin Sükhbaatar was a founding member of the Mongolian People's Party. Add External Link. Mongolian cuisine. Pangolin. The Gelugpa, or "Yellow Hat," school of Tibetan Buddhism gained prominence in Mongolia during the 16th century. It is also one of two pangolins classified as an EDGE (Evolutionarily Distinct. "Mongol bow" can refer to two types of bow. The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. About me. IUCN status: Vulnerable. 4. Mongolian Religion. . antiThis is a list of equipment used by the Mongolian Armed Forces. FIGHTING THE ILLEGAL PANGOLIN TRADE. These marks may look. Poaching is sending the shy, elusive pangolin to its doom. Mongoloid ( / ˈmɒŋ. The Pangolin Project is a non-profit organisation based in Kenya, dedicated to pangolin conservation research and protection. Roasted pangolin scales are believed to cure cancer, relieve palsy and even stimulate breast milk. The smallest, the long-tailed pangolin (also known as the African black-bellied pangolin) grows to around 30–40 cm (12–16 in) in length, and weigh 3. Eight species of pangolins are found on two continents. All species are listed Appendix I by CITES, the same level of protection. km/h mph. Mongolia’s nomadic tribes call it allghoi khorkhoi, which translates roughly to intestine worm, due to its alleged resemblance to the insides of a cow. Pangolin species vary in size from about 1. Mongolia has a population of just over 3 million people (2016), making it one of the least densely populated countries in the world. Also known as the white-bellied pangolin or three-cusped pangolin, it is the most common of the African forest pangolins. 66 pounds of termites in one meal. Its habitat includes primary and secondary forests, as well as surrounding grasslands. They feed on ants rather than termites. The team will then help implement. The Sangha Pangolin Project is a conservation effort based in the Central African Republic that combines rehabilitation, research, and the engagement and participation of local indigenous peoples to protect the White-Bellied and Black-Bellied pangolins that live in CAR. Eight species of pangolins are found on two continents. 95% of the population are ethnic Mongols, Kazakh, Turkic peoples, Chinese and Russians make up the remaining population. 5 kg). The pangolin is about 1 m in length with a mass from 4. “Natural sciences” is the most studied domain, although. [5] Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, extending northward into parts of the Arctic; [6] eastward and southward into parts of the. The pangolin’s future looks gloomy, according to the latest update by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which assesses the conservation status of species. of. орой. Pangolin babies ride on their mother’s back by hanging onto her scales. These scales are made of keratin, the same substance that your hair and fingernails are made of. Something of, from, or related to Mongolia, a country in Asia. Bayads. Golden Horde. The Philippine Pangolin ( Manis culionensis) is endemic to the Philippines, where it is restricted to the Province of Palawan, also known as the Palawan faunal region (Everett 1889, Bourns and Worcester 1894, Lawrence 1939, Heaney et al. These are typically flat, and blue-grey. There are 8 species of pangolin, 4 are found in Asia and 4 are found in Africa. Би ойлгохгүй байна (Bi oilgokhgüi baina) Please speak more slowly. Pangolins are found in areas where ants and termites abound. Fry: Heat the oil in a large skillet or wok over medium high heat. mn, . English proficiency of Mongolian population in the U. 000; 105. The Pangolin Crisis Fund maintains a 100% donation model. These scales are made up of keratin, the same material which makes the human fingernails, toenails, and tetrapod claws. Known for warfare, but celebrated for productive peace. 058~0. In the first eight days of April 2019 alone, authorities seized two 14-ton shipments of pangolin scales in Singapore, representing an estimated 72,000 animals and worth a combined $90 million. Pangolins are one of the more unique and peculiar animals that exist today. Mongolian barbecue. Le pangolin est un animal solitaire, nocturne et timide qui se nourrit de fourmis et de termites. With the Palawan pangolin’s population decimated by poaching and its habitat lost to urban. Though they are often present at birth, Mongolian blue spots can also appear in the weeks afterward. The pangolin is about 1 m in length with a mass from 4. In Sudan, Temminck’s pangolin fed on only two out of 22 available ant species. In addition to this, improved logistics and infrastructure are also contributing to the demise of endangered species. Result. After two years, they become sexually mature and the mothers abandon them. Your donations put new and vital equipment in the hands (and on the backs) of our ranger teams. They’re formally called congenital dermal melanocytosis. Capital and and largest city is Ulaanbaatar (pop. Pangolin means 'roller'. The Chinese pangolin, Manis pentadactyla. Adopt a Pangolin. 1. , 2014a). 5. The ground pangolin is one among the four species that are found in the African continent. This shy creature, as big as your cat or dog, is the world’s most trafficked mam. It has historically been recorded in this region only, with occurrence records on mainland Palawan. 98. Pangolin meat, selling at $250-350 per kilo in expensive restaurants, is considered a luxury food in Vietnam and China. Adopt a Pangolin. Mongolian [note 1] is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family. a Female pangolin WF11 carrying her offspring FG3 on her tail. [13] Manis comprises four species found in Asia, while Phataginus and Smutsia include two species each, all found in sub-Saharan Africa. Heat the oil in a wok or heavy skillet and fry the beef until golden brown on both sides. A startled pangolin will cover its head with its front legs, exposing its scales to any potential predator. Most species are nocturnal and remain active during the night. See Urgent Projects. Then flip (I use an egg flip) and cook the other side for 30 - 45 seconds until golden and crisp. 30-88. These are typically flat, and blue-grey. 66 pounds of termites in one meal. A pangolin shifted to the release site in a specially designed wooden transportation box. Experts indicate that the two Critically Endangered pangolin species, the Chinese pangolin and the Sunda pangolin, could go extinct within 10 years if current trends continue. From the Gobi Desert areas of the south. Here’s a full rundown: Giant pangolin: 125 – 140 centimeters. Video by Coral and Oak. It. Remove the beef and discard all but about 2 teaspoons of the oil. Mongolian cuisine predominantly consists of dairy products, meat, and animal fats. Also known as the white-bellied pangolin or three-cusped pangolin, it is the most common of the African forest pangolins. Indian Pangolin is widely distributed in India, except the arid region, high Himalayas and the North-East. Crafted from 100% Grade-A Mongolian cashmere; 15. Remove the chicken from the pan and place on a plate lined with paper towels. As of 2008, there were also roughly 1,700 Mongolians who came to South Korea annually to pursue higher education. The chicken should be fried on all sides with a crusty. Pangolins are animals with scent glands that can spray odors as a secondary defensive mechanism. Pangolins are mammals and give birth to their babies. Place the meat and cornstarch in a large sealed plastic bag and coat the meat completely. The scales of Pangolin are made from the same substance that makes human fingernails and hair called Keratin. In a bowl combine the chicken, salt, pepper, and 1 tablespoon cornstarch. English Translation. It will reintroduce as the official written language of Mongolia in 2025. nearly 6,000 pangolins were seized between. They teach their sons to be strong, courageous, and decisive. The pangolin’s front legs are shorter than its hind legs. Sanchir meaning "the planet Saturn, Saturday". Stir to mix well. Mongolian languages, one of three families within the Altaic language group, spoken in Mongolia and adjacent parts of east-central Asia. Inside, the north is the place of honour, where images of the Buddha and family. 56% 50% 51% 72% All U. 5 pounds (1. Get your copy of this very specia. [1] Mongolic-speaking people, although distributed in a wide geographical area. I will definitely be using Discover Altai for any other trips in Mongolia and highly recommend him. The soft underside of the body may have a few hairs. 03 Pangolin dens can go as deep as 3. An adult pangolin weighing 6. Its body and head is 50 to 60 centimeters long. 2 million people speak Mongolian. But its origin lies in central Asia, particularly across the steppes of Mongolia. Mongolian Green Beans. Pangolin facts for kidsDo you know what a Pangolin is? No? Well a pangolin is the only scaly mammal in the world! It also the most trafficked in the world wi. 2. With over one million pangolins illegally killed in the last decade, only immediate intervention will prevent pangolin extinction - before we've even had a chance to understand their importance to our ecosystems. They cover almost their whole body, except the underside, and make up roughly 20% of a pangolin’s body weight. Coordinates: 47°55′13″N 106°55′02″E. They are most commonly found in individuals of African or Asian ethnic background. A pangolin's main predators are wild cats, hyenas and humans. April 1910 – 29 December 1911. A young pangolin stays with its mother for around three to four months and grips onto her tail while foraging for insects. The Indian pangolin is a solitary, shy, slow-moving, nocturnal mammal. Named after the white skin that’s exposed on the underside of their bodies, they stand out from other Pangolin species by their smaller size, larger eyes and hairy forelimbs. Working in batches, add beef and fry until browned and cooked through, about 1-2 minutes. He attempts to get their plane back into the air, but a Titan that looks like some combination of a giant pangolin with the face of one of those creepy star-nosed moles. The pangolin is an unusual-looking mammal that is covered with scales instead of fur. Cover the dish and let the beef marinate for at least 20 to 30 minutes at room temperature. In a small bowl, dissolve the brown sugar in the hot water. This means pangolins are the most illegally trafficked animals in the world, with over one million individuals snatched from the wild in the past decade. (Anadu, et al. Mongolia is the world's 19th-largest country (after Iran ). beef into small pieces. The name pangolin, from the Malay for ‘rolling over,’ refers to its habit of. Este, acostumbra cavar sus madrigueras en áreas de estas características. In a large skillet, heat 2 tablespoons of the oil over medium-high heat. This includes tropical forests, Savannah grasslands, thick brush. Females are generally smaller than the males and have one pair of mammae. The word Pangolin comes from ‘penggulung,’ the Malay word for roller – the action a pangolin takes in self-defense. The capital, Ulaanbaatar, is in the north-central part of the country. The name “pangolin” actually means “one who rolls up”, a nod to this ability. 000°N 105. Eradicating pangolin poaching and trade is a priority for Fauna & Flora and our partners as we seek to extend and strengthen. / 46. horizontal square, 8. dough noun. Anti-Chinese commanders Togtokh and Bayar in Khüree (now Ulaanbaatar) Date. I hope that these organisation will contribute to. 8-2. It is located in East Asia where it is bounded by land on all sides. In a medium-sized bowl, add the olive oil, minced garlic, soy sauce, water, and brown sugar. However, as most pangolin species lack a conservation strategy at any level, there is a pressing need to hold further workshops using IUCN’s best practice guidance to convene all relevant stakeholders to ensure that detailed, regional conservation strategies are in place for all eight pangolin species. Most of them live in. Appearance: These mammals are often mistaken as. . The Ground Force possesses tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and armoured personnel carriers, mobile anti-aircraft weapons, more than artillery and mortar and other military equipment. 59 tonnes of scales representing. The extinction clock ticks for the little-known Philippine pangolin. Mongoloid (/ ˈ m ɒ ŋ. [7] [8] [9] Members of the species inhabit Africa with a range stretching along the equator from West Africa to Uganda. 66 pounds of termites in one meal. Reference Pangolins Common Name: Pangolins Scientific Name: Manidae Diet: Insectivore Average Life Span: unknown Size: 45 inches to 4. To assist with this the tail tip is bare. Mongol language, principal member of the Mongolian language family within the Altaic language group, spoken by some seven million people in Mongolia and in the autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang and the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China. Many people will travel far and wide to come and see pangolin. Unisex. White-bellied pangolin scales seized and stockpiled in Lagos, Nigeria. Khuushuur meat pies, buuz dumplings and boiled mutton. Contrary to what their appearance may suggest, several. The Giant pangolin ( Smutsia gigantea) is the biggest and the rarest of the African species of pangolin. Morning. Since its inception, we have accepted 12 passionate, committed and inspiring pangolin conservationists into our program. The Indian pangolin is rare in its range and is threatened by hunting for its meat and for various. The vast majority of Mongolians, around 94 percent of the population, practice Tibetan Buddhism. 5 lbs) to a maximum of about 33kg (~73 lbs). Mongolia, landlocked country in north-central Asia. The long-tailed pangolin and Temminck’s pangolin are classified as “vulnerable. Photo credit: WCT “Such efforts are much needed for the protection of this vulnerable and lesser-known species. Wildlife Alliance has rescued 401 live Sunda pangolins from the illegal wildlife trade since 2001: 385 by our multi-agency anti-wildlife trafficking unit, the Wildlife Rapid Rescue Team, WRRT, from smuggled shipments on national roads, on their way to Vietnam and China, and raids on restaurants in the main. From the far horizon. Behind the scenes of ‘The Mongol Khan’. Kuremsa raid on East Volyn. Influential voices from football and music hope to inspire protection of endangered pangolin. In general, pangolins are slow on land due to their heavy bodies and scaly armor. People from these tribes mostly rely on subsistence farming and hunting, and pangolin meat is an established—though not favored—source of protein. Green beans are hardly the most exciting side. Sunda pangolins reside in Southeast. 4 and 7 pounds. Bake in the preheated oven until an instant read thermometer inserted in the center reads 145 to 150 degrees F (63 to 65 degrees C), about 1 hour. Pangolins have no teeth; instead they rely on a gizzard-like stomach that is adapted for grinding food. This is a way of showing support for the elderly. Tree. They spend most of their daytime resting, curled up into a ball. Drain the oil from the wok (save it for other cooking), leaving 1 tablespoon behind. Pangolins have poor vision and hearing, but their sense of smell is quite strong. Their skins are used in making shoes and boots. In 2019 alone, Chinese customs confiscated an enormous 123 tons of pangolin scales. Since the pangolin has no teeth, it swallows the ants and termites whole. Soil 29%. Length. com. Khorkhog is usually prepared by nomadic families living in the Mongolian. The scales are believed to cure various problems, from asthma to arthritis. Manchu, 6. 6 pounds can consume more than 0. Despite these concerns, relatively little is known about pangolin health, biology, ecology and genetics as compared to other species. pangolin scales. ) são mamíferos da ordem Pholidota que vivem em zonas tropicais da Ásia e da África. [2] In the past, other terms such as " Mongolian race", "yellow", "Asiatic" and "Oriental" have. Heat a wok or heavy frying pan over high heat. Values on the pie chart refer to literature count. 91722°E / 47. Yet, there is no scientific evidence in modern medicine to show that pangolin scales have any therapeutic or health benefits. Pangolin tongue: In China, I'm told by a separate investigator, pangolin tongue (yes, that foot-long tongue) is dried and carried in a person's pocket as a good luck charm, kind of like a rabbit's. The captive pangolin diet. 1 / 12. Boy. The largest contemporary Mongolic ethnic group is the Mongols. Sep 2023 - Present 3 months. Pangolins are born with soft scales (to ensure their mothers are able to give birth without getting hurt), and over time they become much harder, like an amour of near impenetrable. 6 – 2. Characterizing the Chinese pangolin’s habitat and diet could improve our knowledge of the conditions necessary for species persistence; however, limited information is available. Manis tetradactyla is the least often observed of the African pangolin species, and populations may be larger than predicted. The term is derived from a now-disproven theory. Key Takeaways. to plan a way forward for further. 02 Pangolins have long tongues, up to 40 cm when fully extended. Mongolian is an Altaic language spoken by approximately 5 million people in Mongolia, China, Afghanistan and Russia. It has unique advantages. The scales on the newly born pangolins are soft but they harden up pretty fast. In 2019. Mongolian languages, one of three families within the Altaic language group, spoken in Mongolia and adjacent parts of east-central Asia. Like an anteater, the pangolin uses its strong front claws to tear into termite and ant mounds, then sticks. Situated on mountains and plateaus, it is one of the world's highest countries with elevation averaging 5,180 feet (1,580 meters). Mongolian blue spots are very common birthmarks seen in newborns. 125-140. It can be found at elevation up to 2500 m. Photo credits: Nigel Dennis; Paul Hilton; Wildlife Reserve Singapore. Add the sauce mixture and simmer, constantly stirring, until it begins to thicken. The Khalkh (Khalkha) dialect of Mongolian dates from about the 17th century; ; the great. Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota . A willingness to consume lies at the root of the illegal wildlife trade. 5 kg to 14. The pangolin's scaled body is a bit like a pine cone or globe artichoke. Pangolin Information and Description. . Mongol Warfare: Strategy, Tactics, Logistics, and More! Written by Rea, Cam, published by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (2017) $9. BEIJING, Nov. Pro tip: place the beef in the freezer 15-20 minutes prior to slicing to make thinner cuts without the meat sliding around. It's native to the humid forests of West and central Africa, where it spends its days close to its burrow or partially. They are predominantly nocturnal and also shy, making them difficult to study. In mainly China and Vietnam, their scales are highly prized by consumers who turn to traditional Chinese medicine as a means of recovering from various ailments. A pangolin’s scales weigh approximately 20 percent of its total mass. The ground pangolin ( Smutsia temminckii ), also known as Temminck's pangolin, Cape pangolin or steppe pangolin is a species of pangolin from genus Smutsia of subfamily Smutsiinae the within family Manidae. I’m nocturnal, and my happy place is hanging out in the dark by myself. Our Champions comprise a global team of conservationists who have proven dedication to. The pangolin is a shy and solitary mammal covered from head to toe in scales made from keratin, the same material as our fingernails. Pangolin typically weigh between 4. Mongolia [b] ( / mɒŋˈɡoʊliə / ⓘ mong-GOH-lee-ə) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. km/h mph. The best-known member of this language family, Mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia and the Mongol residents of. Most often, they're found where there are large numbers of ants and termites for them to eat. ”. Part of the 1911 Revolution. It walks in a strange, stooped manner as it forages for ants and termites. A small tree-climbing pangolin with black face and underparts and an extremely long, muscular tail, the black-bellied or long-tailed pangolin is active by day, feeding mainly on tree ants, but is secretive and not easily spotted. Mongolia is located in Asia between Russia to the north and China to the south. Ground Pangolin Ground pangolin sightings in the Northern Cape at Tswalu. This migration is regulated by exogenous peptide growth factors that work by the activation of tyrosine kinase receptors. Asiatic pangolin species also differ slightly in body size, with Indian pangolins proving to be the largest of the group at 84-122 centimetres in length, and 10 to 16 kilograms in weight. Africa partnered with Pangolin Photo Safaris, Biggest Leaf Travel and award-winning South African filmmakers Bruce Young and Johan Vermeulen to produce this documentary that tells the story of two men on a mission to get all four species of African pangolin on camera for the very first time. A study last year of seized goods since 2010 found 2. Over a million pangolins. traditional, 2. Of the 8 different species of pangolins, Manis temminckii is the most. Mongolian culture is influenced by the cultures of the Mongolic, Turkic, and East Asian peoples, as well as by the country's geography and its history of political and economic interactions with. Its habitat includes primary and secondary forests, as well as surrounding grasslands. Traditional Mongolian costume. Weight. Invented by nomadic Mongolian tribes, khorkhog is usually made with bone-in cuts of mutton, lamb, or goat meat, as well as vegetables such as cabbage, onions, potatoes, and carrots. , 2020b). Its footprints look the same as a small elephant’s. Pangolin meat is considered a delicacy in China and Vietnam and their scales are used in traditional medicines. Capital. Yul. And the remaining two species, the Temminck’s pangolin and black-bellied pangolin, are classified as vulnerable. There are eight species of pangolin – four from Africa and four from Asia – all of which are listed by the IUCN as threatened with extinction. 7 million African pangolins every year. Pour sauce back into skillet and stir together with beef. (It is the tallest indoor statue in the world). We work with local partners to develop projects aimed at securing vital habitat. Mongolian Americans are American citizens who are of full or partial Mongolian ancestry. The tree pangolin ( Phataginus tricuspis ) is one of eight extant species of pangolins ("scaly anteaters"), and is native to equatorial Africa. It is also one of two pangolins classified as an EDGE (Evolutionarily Distinct. At the end of their body is a long tail which is longer than the body. Bring to a simmer and cook over medium-low heat for 5 minutes. The word Mongol in various contemporary and historical scripts: 1. The Pangolin Project. Pangolins can consume up to 200,000 ants per day! Mother pangolins breast feed and keep their. Although there are currently laws in place to protect pangolins, enforcement is lacking. The giant pangolin is the largest of the 8 types of pangolin. Mongolian (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠬᠡᠯᠡ / монгол). The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a pangolin native to the northern Indian subcontinent, northern parts of Southeast Asia and southern China. km, Mongolia is the world's 18th largest country. Location. 1. Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, but its westernmost point is only 38 kilometers (24 mi) away from Kazakhstan . 000°N 105. : 1 million). In 2019, the United States and Mongolia upgraded their bilateral relationship to a Strategic Partnership. The illegal pangolin trade is so widespread and aggressive that the Environmental Investigation Agency has declared pangolins to be the world’s “most. Add the garlic and ginger to the pan and cook for 30 seconds. Outer and Inner Mongolia, Qing dynasty. Soyombo, 7. Brutally persecuted for their scales as well as meat, pangolin numbers are plummeting. Its spoken and written history consists of three periods: Old, Or. They are bluish-green to black in color and oval to irregular in shape. Mongols in China also known as Chinese Mongolians or Mongolian Chinese (Chinese: 蒙古族; pinyin: Měnggǔ zú; lit. Pangolin distribution is comprised of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ (2019) distributions of the eight extant pangolin species. Cyrillic. There were two classes of vassals: the khamjlaga, who under Manchu law were serfs for life of the local nobility and civil administrators; and the shavi, the vassals. Inside, the north is the place of honour, where images of the Buddha and family photographs are kept. For more details on how a pangolin carries her offspring, please watch Supplementary Video 1. 000. Pangolin means 'roller'. We work with local partners to develop projects aimed at securing vital habitat. Here are some pangolin facts to. Heat vegetable oil in a large cast iron skillet. Therefore, as part of the National Pangolin Workshop, we, the Indigenous Peoples are thankful to the PCSDS, the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group, KFI, ZSL and other organisations for organizing this workshop. Vision (30-50 years) Healthy and viable population of Chinese pangolin exist in all regions across its natural range as iconic flagship species where poaching and illegal trade doesn’t exist, climate induced disasters are taken into consideration and human beings started to get benefit from organic food, sustainable tourism and climate smart societyNearly 30,000 imports of pangolin products to the U. This study identified the current burrow density status, distribution pattern, and important habitat parameters associated. Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, located between China and Russia. Habitat loss. 4. Eat ants and termites using an extraordinarily long. The Oirats in Western Mongolia as well as the Buryats and Kalmyks of Russia are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or subgroups of Mongols. The Khalkha dialect constitutes the basis for the official language of Mongolia. 5 kg to 14. Food. , 2017). When a play is being staged with the express purpose of celebrating 60 years of diplomatic relations the odds on artistic. Сайн сууж байгаарай (Sain suuj baigaarai!) - reply. " Elizabeth Kimball Kendall [], who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, "To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on. Meatloaf can be served hot, or let cool, wrap and refrigerate until chilled, about 45 minutes. In 2013 the Pangolin SG gathered experts from across the globe to develop the first ever global conservation action plan for pangolins to guide conservation investment, ‘ Scaling Up Pangolin Conservation ’, and soon after contributed expertise to the First Pangolin Range States Meeting, co-hosted by the governments of Vietnam and the.